Advancements in Precision Medicine for Myelodysplastic Neoplasms and Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Review on Genomics to Targeted Therapies
Eric Emmanuel U *
Niger Delta University, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
Eberechukwu G C
Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
Boloya V. E
Faculty of Basic Clinical Science, Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are clonal hematopoietic disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and rapid proliferation of abnormal myeloid cells, respectively. Recent advances in molecular biology have significantly enhanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of MDS and AML, leading to improved diagnostic methods and novel therapeutic strategies. This review highlights the latest developments in genetic and epigenetic alterations, the role of the bone marrow microenvironment, advancements in diagnostics, targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and personalized medicine approaches in MDS and AML. Challenges and future directions are also discussed to provide a comprehensive overview of the current landscape and potential advancements in the management of these hematologic malignancies.
Keywords: Myelodysplastic neoplasms, acute myeloid leukemia, genetic mutations, epigenetic alterations