Advances in CAR-T Cell Therapy: Emerging Innovations, Clinical Progress and Future Perspectives
Arpitha Anil George *
D Y Patil Deemed to be University School of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, delivering high remission rates in hematologic malignancies such as B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. By engineering T cells to recognize tumour-associated antigens independent of MHC presentation, CAR-T therapy enables precise and potent immune responses. Advancements from first to fourth generation CARs, featuring co-stimulatory domains, cytokine payloads and safety switches, have enhanced efficacy, persistence and safety. Innovative strategies, including dual-antigen targeting, logic-gated CARs and “armored” CAR-T cells, aim to overcome barriers in solid tumours. Manufacturing innovations such as allogeneic “off the shelf” platforms, automated systems and CRISPR based editing are improving scalability and reducing costs. This article focuses on overall review of Advances in CAR T Cell therapy.
Keywords: Immunotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, lymphoma and cell therapy